行星滾柱絲杠：人形機器人成本密碼

　　Planetary roller screw: cost code for humanoid robots

　　你知道人形機器人身上燒錢的零件是哪一個嗎？不是芯片也不是電機，而是一根看起來像金屬棒的東西。行星滾柱絲杠在機器人的成本清單里，它是真正的，天花板甚一度卡住了高端機器人量產(chǎn)為什么這么貴？關(guān)鍵就在結(jié)構(gòu)上。普通絲杠用的是滾珠，屬于點接觸，而行星滾柱絲杠用的是多根螺紋滾柱直面接觸，結(jié)果就是在同樣體積下承載能力直接提升好幾倍。壽命還能翻十倍以上，夸張到什么程度，手指粗了一根就能頂起幾噸重的車，定位精度還能控制在頭發(fā)絲級別。人形機器人要跳躍深蹲，搬重物，還得動作中身材輕，這種小體積加大力量的極限要求，目前只有行星滾柱，絲杠能扛住，但問題也在這兒，它的加工難度極高，磨削熱處理裝配每一步都在挑戰(zhàn)工業(yè)極限，所以一直下不來。不過好消息是，隨著國產(chǎn)供應(yīng)鏈開始突破，這個曾經(jīng)昂貴的機器人機械正在真正走向放量階段。關(guān)注我下期分享機器人進展。

　　Do you know which part of a humanoid robot is the most expensive? It's not a chip or a motor, but something that looks like a metal rod. The planetary roller screw is the real price in the cost list of robots, and even the ceiling was once stuck. Why is it so expensive for high-end robot mass production? The key lies in the structure. The ordinary screw uses ball bearings, which belong to point contact, while the planetary roller screw uses multiple threaded rollers in direct contact, resulting in a direct increase in load-bearing capacity by several times under the same volume. The lifespan can be increased by more than ten times, to what extent can it be exaggerated? A thicker finger can lift a car weighing several tons, and the positioning accuracy can be controlled at the level of a hair thread. Humanoid robots need to jump, squat, and move heavy objects with a lightweight body during their movements. The extreme requirement of increasing strength with small volume is currently only supported by planetary rollers and lead screws. However, the problem lies in its extremely high processing difficulty, with every step of grinding, heat treatment, and assembly challenging industrial limits, so the price has not been able to come down. However, the good news is that as the domestic supply chain begins to break through, this once expensive robotic machinery is truly entering the stage of mass production. Follow me to share the latest developments in robotics in the next issue.